Biointensive agriculture is a sustainable farming method that allows for the production of enough food for a family in just 100 square meters. Initially developed by ecologist John Jeavons, this system is based on principles of high productivity, sustainability, and self-sufficiency. In a world where food security and sustainability are crucial, this technique offers a practical and efficient solution.
What is Biointensive Agriculture?
Biointensive agriculture is an approach that maximizes productivity in small spaces through:
- Double digging: Soil preparation to a depth of 60 cm to promote root growth and water retention.
- Intensive use of compost: Provides nutrients and improves soil structure.
- Close planting: Plants are placed in hexagonal patterns to optimize space.
- Growing plants that produce seeds: Allows for self-sufficiency in seeds.
- Focus on highly nutritious foods: Prioritizes crops rich in calories and nutrients.
Advantages of Biointensive Agriculture
- High productivity: Up to 4 times higher yields than conventional agriculture.
- Sustainability: Reduces water consumption by up to 88% and avoids the use of chemicals.
- Self-sufficiency: Families can produce their own food and seeds.
- Biodiversity: Promotes crop diversity and improves soil health.
How to Implement a Biointensive Garden on 100 m²
1. Land Design and Preparation
- Double Digging:
- Dig a 30 cm deep trench and turn over the soil.
- Then dig another 30 cm and loosen the subsoil without turning it over.
- Add compost and mix well.
- Raised Beds: Create 1.5 m wide beds for easy access.
2. Crop Selection
- Key Crops:
- Calories: Potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn.
- Proteins: Legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas).
- Vitamins and Minerals: Vegetables (spinach, carrots, broccoli).
- Rotations: Alternate crops to avoid depleting the soil.
3. Planting and Maintenance
- Close Planting: Use hexagonal patterns to maximize space.
- Efficient Irrigation: Drip system or hand water at the base of plants.
- Natural Pest Control: Attract beneficial insects and use physical barriers.
4. Compost Production
- Hot Composting: Kitchen scraps, manure, and dry materials.
- Regular Feeding: Add compost each season to maintain fertility.
Expected Results
- Annual Production:
- Vegetables: 500-600 kg
- Legumes: 50-60 kg
- Tubers: 300-400 kg
- Self-Sufficiency: Up to 80% of the food needs of a family of four.
Challenges and Solutions
- Initial Time and Effort: Soil preparation requires work, but the long-term benefits are significant.
- Climate and Soil: Adapt crops to local conditions.
- Maintenance: Dedicate at least 1-2 hours per day to the garden.
Environmental and Social Impact
- Reduced Carbon Footprint: Reduced transportation and associated emissions.
- Community: Encourages collaboration and knowledge sharing.
- Education: Ideal for teaching children and adults about sustainability.
Resources to Get Started
- Books: “How to Grow More Food Than You Imagine” by John Jeavons.
- Courses: Local or online workshops on biointensive agriculture.
- Communities: Join urban or rural farming groups.
“Biointensive agriculture is not just a technique; it’s a path to self-sufficiency and food resilience.” — John Jeavons.
